1.) Classification of hereditary diseases: single-gene disorders, chromosome disorders, multifactorial disorders, and mitochondrial disorders.
2.) Human molecular diseases (single-gene disorders). Classification of molecular diseases: disorders caused by defects in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein metabolism, copper metabolism; enzymopathies, hemoglobinopathies; storage diseases.
3.) Phenylketonuria, hemoglobinopathies (sickle-cell anemia, thalassemia), hemophilia, color blindness, brachydactyly, and achondroplasia: genetic characteristics and mode of inheritance.